Franciacorta: The Italian Sparkling Wine
Most people's minds immediately wander to prosecco when it comes to Italian sparkling wines. However, tucked away in Lombardy, in northern Italy, lies a wine region that's often overlooked but holds its own unique charm and significance. That region is Franciacorta, and it's making waves in the world of sparkling wines.
The history of Franciacorta as a wine region can be traced back to ancient times. The name "Franciacorta" is believed to have originated from the medieval term "curtes francae," referring to tax-exempted lands. These lands were given to monasteries in the Middle Ages, and it was here that the monks began experimenting with winemaking. Over the centuries, the region's winemaking traditions evolved, and it was in the 1960s that modern Franciacorta as we know it today began to take shape.
Franciacorta's geographical location is crucial in producing its exceptional sparkling wines. Situated in Lombardy, it benefits from a warm continental climate with influencing factors from the Alps and Lake Iseo. Lake Iseo's moderating effect helps to maintain stable temperatures, preventing extreme cold or heat, which is crucial for grape ripening. The region's hilly terrain also plays a vital role, providing excellent drainage and sun exposure for the vineyards.
The vineyards of Franciacorta predominantly feature Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Blanc, with Chardonnay being the most widely planted grape variety. These grapes are carefully tended to throughout the year to ensure they reach their full potential. Six main soil types have been identified in the region, giving rise to a range of expressions in the base wine (including floral, spicy, dried fruit and vegetal) used for blending and complexity in the wines.
One of the hallmarks of Franciacorta wines is the meticulous attention to detail in their production. The traditional method used here is similar to that employed in Champagne, France. Grapes must be whole bunch pressed to ensure high-quality juice and then fermented into a base wine. After blending, this base wine undergoes a second fermentation in the bottle. This secondary fermentation and extended aging on the lees imparts the characteristic effervescence and complexity to Franciacorta sparkling wines.
The aging requirements for Franciacorta wines are quite strict. Non-vintage Franciacorta must be aged on lees for a minimum of 18 months. Satén is made from white grapes only and spends 24 months on the lees. Millesimato or vintage Franciacorta must spend at least 30 months on the lees, with the Riserva category having spent a minimum of 60 months on the lees. This extended aging period allows the wines to develop nuances and depth of flavour, making them worthy of their place among the world's finest sparkling wines.
Its refined and restrained style sets Franciacorta apart from other sparkling wines. Franciacorta is known for its elegance and finesse, unlike some sparkling wines that can be overly expressive and effusive. The wine does not rely on excessive sweetness or aggressive bubbles to make an impact. Instead, it offers a harmonious balance of crisp acidity, subtle fruitiness, and delicate bubbles.
Because 90% of Franciacorta is consumed within Italy, it does not have the same global recognition as some of its sparkling wine counterparts, but it's a region that deserves attention from wine enthusiasts and experts alike. Its rich history, favourable geography, meticulous viticulture, and traditional winemaking methods culminate in wines of exceptional quality and character. If you're seeking a sparkling wine that embodies elegance and sophistication without the need for overly creative or descriptive language, Franciacorta should be at the top of your list. Whether you're a wine aficionado or a curious explorer of the world of wine, Franciacorta offers a captivating and educational experience that's sure to leave a lasting impression.